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Inhibitors lower the levels of CYP2C9 enzyme activity. Phenobarbitone: A barbiturate drug that is used in the treatment of epilepsy.

Ethanol: A psychoactive drug that is the primary ingredient in hard liquor.Carbamazepine: Is an anticonvulsant that is used to treat epilepsy and neuropathic pain.Rifampicin: An antibiotic that is used as a front-line drug in the treatment of tuberculosis.CYP2C9 Inducers and Inhibitors Drugs that Induce CYP2C9 Activity This is important because the activity of the CYP2C9 gene affects how your body will respond to different doses of commonly used drugs. Naproxen: An NSAID drug used for pain and inflammation relief.Ībnormal changes in the CYP2C9 gene can affect enzyme production, i.e., they can increase or decrease its activity.Montelukast: A medication used in the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis.Celecoxib: A drug used as a pain reliever in conditions like arthritis, spondylitis, painful menstruation, and rheumatoid arthritis.Glipizide: An oral anti-diabetic medication used to treat type 2 diabetes.Tolbutamide: A drug used to manage type 2 diabetes.Losartan: A commonly used anti-hypertensive drug.Ibuprofen: Is an anti-inflammatory drug.While the CYP2C9 gene is mostly studied for warfarin metabolism, the gene is responsible for the metabolism and clearance of other drugs such as: Poor Metabolizers: People having CYP2C9 *2/*2 type and *3/*3 type ( homozygous for these alleles) are slow or poor metabolizers of warfarin and therefore require lower doses of the drug in order to prevent excessive bleeding. They tend to have either CYP2C9 *1/*2 or *1/*3 alleles. Intermediate Metabolizers: Individuals who have one normal allele and one decreased function allele are said to be intermediate metabolizers of the gene. They have normal circulating levels of the CYP2C9 enzyme. Normal Metabolizers: Individuals with *1/*1 alleles of the CYP2C9 gene are said to be normal metabolizers of warfarin.

People who are slow metabolizers of warfarin may benefit from a lower starting dose. As a result, it stays longer in the body and can lead to poor blood clotting and the risk of excessive bleeding. Reduced warfarin metabolism results in slower clearance of the drug. The CYP2C9 enzyme also plays a significant role in the metabolism of warfarin, a blood-thinning drug (anticoagulant) used to prevent clotting inside the blood vessels. Metabolism is the process by which large and complex things like food molecules and medicines are broken down into smaller components to produce energy, build or repair body tissue, produce hormones, etc.

It is primarily present in the liver and is involved in the metabolism of many drugs, xenobiotics (foreign substances present in the body that are not produced by it), and endogenous compounds like steroid hormones and fatty acids. The CYP2C9 enzyme participates in phase I detoxification. Terms and conditions apply.The CYP2C9 gene is located on chromosome 10 and contains instructions for the production of the enzyme with the same name.

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